# Google Scholar API

You have to send a GET request to **`http://api.scrapingdog.com/google_scholar`** with the below-given parameters.

Google Scholar API pricing is available [here](https://www.scrapingdog.com/google-search-api).

### Parameters

#### Scrapingdog Parameters

| Parameter                                                          | Description                                                                                                                            |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| <p>api\_key<br></p><p><mark style="color:red;">required</mark></p> | <p>Your personal API key. Available on your dashboard <br><br>Type: <em><strong>String</strong></em></p>                               |
| html                                                               | <p>To render the response as raw HTML.</p><p></p><p>Default: <code>false</code></p><p><br>Type: <em><strong>Boolean</strong></em> </p> |

#### Search Query

| Parameter                                                       | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| --------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| <p>query<br></p><p><mark style="color:red;">required</mark></p> | <p>The <strong>parameter</strong> specifies the search query you want to execute. You can enhance your query by using helpers like <code>author:</code> or <code>source:</code>.</p><ul><li>If you use the <code>cites</code> parameter, the <code>q</code> parameter becomes optional.</li><li>Combining <code>cites</code> with <code>q</code> will refine the search to citing articles.</li><li>The <code>cluster</code> parameter cannot be used simultaneously with <code>q</code> and <code>cites</code>. If using <code>cluster</code>, it must be the only search parameter.</li></ul><p><br>Type: <em><strong>String</strong></em></p> |

#### Advanced Google Scholar Parameters

| Parameter | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| cites     | <p>The <strong>cites</strong> parameter specifies a unique article ID to initiate a <strong>Cited By</strong> search. Using this parameter retrieves a list of documents that cite the given article in Google Scholar.</p><ul><li>Example: <code>cites=1275980731835430123</code></li><li>When used alone, it returns citing documents.</li><li>When combined with the <code>q</code> parameter, it searches within the citing articles.</li></ul><p>Type: <em><strong>String</strong></em></p> |
| as\_ylo   | <p>The <strong>as\_ylo</strong> parameter specifies the starting year for search results. For example, setting <code>as\_ylo=2018</code> will exclude results from before 2018. This parameter can be used in combination with the <strong>as\_yhi</strong> parameter.<br><br>Type: <em><strong>String</strong></em></p>                                                                                                                                                                         |
| as\_yhi   | <p>The <strong>as\_yhi</strong> parameter specifies the ending year for search results. For example, setting <code>as\_yhi=2018</code> will exclude results from after 2018. This parameter can be used in combination with the <strong>as\_ylo</strong> parameter.<br><br>Type: <em><strong>String</strong></em></p>                                                                                                                                                                            |
| scisbd    | <p>This parameter determines whether to include only abstract results (set to 1) or all results (set to 0).<br><br>Type: <em><strong>String</strong></em></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| cluster   | <p>This parameter specifies a unique ID for an article to initiate searches for all available versions.<br><br>Type: <em><strong>String</strong></em></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |

#### Localization

| Parameter | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| --------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| language  | <p>Language of the results. Possible Values - <strong><code>en</code></strong>, <strong><code>es</code></strong>, <strong><code>fr</code></strong>, <strong><code>de</code></strong>, etc. Visit <a href="https://docs.scrapingdog.com/google-search-scraper-api/google-language-page">Google's languages page</a> for a complete list of supported countries. <br></p><p>Default Value - en </p><p></p><p>Type - <strong>String</strong></p> |
| lr        | <p>Limit the search to one or multiple languages. It is used as <code>lang\_{language code}</code><em>.</em> Visit <a href="https://docs.scrapingdog.com/google-search-scraper-api/google-lr-language-page">Google's lr languages page</a> for a complete list of supported countries.</p><p></p><p>Type - <em><strong>String</strong></em></p>                                                                                               |

#### Pagination

| Parameter |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| page      | <p>This is the page number of Google searches. Its value can be 0 for the first page, 1 for the second page, and so on.</p><p></p><p>Default Value - <strong><code>0</code></strong> </p><p></p><p>Type - <em><strong>String</strong></em></p> |
| results   | <p>Number of results per page. </p><p></p><p>Type: <code>Number(Integer)</code></p>                                                                                                                                                            |

#### Search Type

| Parameter | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| as\_sdt   | <p>This parameter can function as either a search type or a filter.</p><p></p><p><strong>As a Filter(Applicable only when searching for articles)</strong></p><ul><li><code>0</code> – Excludes patents (default).</li><li><code>7</code> – Includes patents.</li></ul><p></p><p>A<strong>s a search type:</strong></p><ul><li><p><code>4</code> – Selects case law (US courts only), covering all State and Federal courts.</p><ul><li>Example: <code>as\_sdt=4</code> selects case law from all courts.</li></ul></li><li><p>To filter specific courts, use additional values from the list of supported Google Scholar courts.</p><ul><li><p>Example: <code>as\_sdt=4,33,192</code></p><ul><li><code>4</code> is required and must be the first value.</li><li><code>33</code> selects all New York courts.</li><li><code>192</code> selects Tax Court.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>Values should be separated by commas (<code>,</code>).<br><br>Type - <em><strong>String</strong></em></p> |

#### Advanced Filters

| Parameter | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| safe      | <p>To filter the adult content set <code>safe</code> to <code>active</code> or to disable it set <code>off</code>. </p><p></p><p>Default: <code>off</code><br><br>Type: <em><strong>String</strong></em> <code>\[active/off]</code></p>                                                                                            |
| filter    | <p>This parameter determines whether the filters for 'Similar Results' and 'Omitted Results' are enabled or disabled. It can be set to <code>1</code> (default) to activate these filters or <code>0</code> to turn them off.<br><br>Type - <em><strong>String</strong></em></p>                                                   |
| as\_vis   | <p>This parameter specifies whether citations should be included in the results. Set it to <code>1</code> to exclude citations or <code>0</code> (default) to include them.<br><br>Type - <em><strong>String</strong></em></p>                                                                                                     |
| as\_rr    | <p>This parameter determines whether only review articles should be displayed. Review articles include topic overviews or discussions of the works and authors searched for. Set it to <code>1</code> to enable this filter or <code>0</code> (default) to display all results.<br><br>Type - <em><strong>String</strong></em></p> |

### API Example

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="cURL" %}

```json
curl "https://api.scrapingdog.com/google_scholar/?api_key=5eaa61a6e562fc52fe763tr516e4653&query=physics&results=10&country=us"
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Python" %}

```python
import requests

api_key = "5eaa61a6e562fc52fe763tr516e4653"
url = "https://api.scrapingdog.com/google_scholar"

params = {
    "api_key": api_key,
    "query": "physics",
    "results": 10,
    "country": "us"
}

response = requests.get(url, params=params)

if response.status_code == 200:
    data = response.json()
    print(data)
else:
    print(f"Request failed with status code: {response.status_code}")

```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Node JS" %}

```javascript
const axios = require('axios');

const api_key = '5eaa61a6e562fc52fe763tr516e4653';
const url = 'https://api.scrapingdog.com/google_scholar';

const params = {
  api_key: api_key,
  query: 'physics',
  results: 10,
  country: 'us'
};

axios
  .get(url, { params: params })
  .then(function (response) {
    if (response.status === 200) {
      const data = response.data;
      console.log(data)
    } else {
      console.log('Request failed with status code: ' + response.status);
    }
  })
  .catch(function (error) {
    console.error('Error making the request: ' + error.message);
  });

```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="PHP" %}

```php
<?php

// Set the API key and request parameters
$api_key = '5eaa61a6e562fc52fe763tr516e4653';
$query = 'physics';
$results = 10;
$country = 'us';

// Set the API endpoint
$url = 'https://api.scrapingdog.com/google_scholar/?api_key=' . $api_key . '&query=' . $query . '&results=' . $results . '&country=' . $country;

// Initialize cURL session
$ch = curl_init($url);

// Set cURL options
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

// Execute the cURL request
$response = curl_exec($ch);

// Check if the request was successful
if ($response === false) {
    echo 'cURL error: ' . curl_error($ch);
} else {
    // Process the response data as needed
    echo $response;
}

// Close the cURL session
curl_close($ch);

```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Ruby" %}

```ruby
require 'net/http'
require 'uri'

# Set the API key and request parameters
api_key = '5eaa61a6e562fc52fe763tr516e4653'
query = 'physics'
results = 10
country = 'us'

# Construct the API endpoint URL
url = URI.parse("https://api.scrapingdog.com/google_scholar/?api_key=#{api_key}&query=#{query}&results=#{results}&country=#{country}")

# Create an HTTP GET request
request = Net::HTTP::Get.new(url)

# Create an HTTP client
http = Net::HTTP.new(url.host, url.port)
http.use_ssl = true # Enable SSL (https)

# Send the request and get the response
response = http.request(request)

# Check if the request was successful
if response.is_a?(Net::HTTPSuccess)
  puts response.body # Process the response data as needed
else
  puts "HTTP request failed with code: #{response.code}, message: #{response.message}"
end

```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Java" %}

```java
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // Set the API key and request parameters
            String apiKey = "5eaa61a6e562fc52fe763tr516e4653";
            String query = "physics";
            int results = 10;
            String country = "us";

            // Construct the API endpoint URL
            String apiUrl = "https://api.scrapingdog.com/google_scholar/?api_key=" + apiKey
                    + "&query=" + query
                    + "&results=" + results
                    + "&country=" + country

            // Create a URL object from the API URL string
            URL url = new URL(apiUrl);

            // Open a connection to the URL
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

            // Set the request method to GET
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");

            // Get the response code
            int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();

            if (responseCode == 200) {
                // Read the response from the connection
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
                String inputLine;
                StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();

                while ((inputLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                    response.append(inputLine);
                }
                reader.close();

                // Process the response data as needed
                System.out.println(response.toString());
            } else {
                System.out.println("HTTP request failed with response code: " + responseCode);
            }

            // Close the connection
            connection.disconnect();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

### Response

```json
{
  "related_searches": [
    {
      "title": "applied physics",
      "link": "https://www.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,33&qsp=1&q=applied+physics&qst=ib"
    },
    {
      "title": "chemistry physics",
      "link": "https://www.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,33&qsp=2&q=chemistry+physics&qst=ib"
    },
    {
      "title": "high energy physics",
      "link": "https://www.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,33&qsp=3&q=high+energy+physics&qst=ib"
    },
    {
      "title": "solid state physics",
      "link": "https://www.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,33&qsp=4&q=solid+state+physics&qst=ib"
    },
    {
      "title": "condensed matter physics",
      "link": "https://www.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,33&qsp=5&q=condensed+matter+physics&qst=ib"
    },
    {
      "title": "physics crc",
      "link": "https://www.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,33&qsp=6&q=physics+crc&qst=ib"
    },
    {
      "title": "001 exact sciences physics",
      "link": "https://www.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,33&qsp=7&q=001+exact+sciences+physics&qst=ib"
    },
    {
      "title": "physics sciences and technology",
      "link": "https://www.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,33&qsp=8&q=physics+sciences+and+technology&qst=ib"
    }
  ],
  "scholar_results": [
    {
      "title": "Supercollider physics",
      "title_link": "https://journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.56.579",
      "id": "7QAkDEkBjpYJ",
      "displayed_link": "E Eichten, I Hinchliffe, K Lane, C Quigg - Reviews of Modern Physics, 1984 - APS",
      "snippet": "… physics capabilities of such a device and the demands placed upon accelerator parameters by the physics … However, according to ourpresent knowledge of elementary particle physics, …",
      "inline_links": {
        "versions": {
          "total": "All 12 versions",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=10848609965630030061&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33",
          "cluster_id": "10848609965630030061"
        },
        "cited_by": {
          "total": "Cited by 3031",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=10848609965630030061&as_sdt=5,33&sciodt=0,33&hl=en",
          "cites_id": "10848609965630030061"
        },
        "related_pages_link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:7QAkDEkBjpYJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=physics&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33"
      },
      "resources": [
        {
          "title": "lbl.gov",
          "type": "PDF",
          "link": "http://physics.lbl.gov/shapiro/Physics226/RevModPhys.56.579.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Physics of electrophotography",
      "title_link": "https://journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.65.163",
      "id": "xJRwbxTN-QMJ",
      "displayed_link": "DM Pai, BE Springett - Reviews of Modern Physics, 1993 - APS",
      "snippet": "… This article reviews the physics of the latent-image formation … on some of the specific physics of the imageforming process. … ; and, lastly, that much of the physics takes place on a scale of …",
      "inline_links": {
        "versions": {
          "total": "All 5 versions",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=286485538967426244&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33",
          "cluster_id": "286485538967426244"
        },
        "cited_by": {
          "total": "Cited by 421",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=286485538967426244&as_sdt=5,33&sciodt=0,33&hl=en",
          "cites_id": "286485538967426244"
        },
        "related_pages_link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:xJRwbxTN-QMJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=physics&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33"
      }
    },
    {
      "title": "Erratum: supercollider physics",
      "title_link": "https://journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.58.1065",
      "id": "kTyxdpkp9EIJ",
      "displayed_link": "E Eichten, I Hinchliffe, K Lane, C Quigg - Reviews of Modern Physics, 1986 - APS",
      "snippet": "A programming error led to too slow a growth in the population of heavy flavors. At the largest values of Q, our structure functions underestimate the heavy quark content of the proton by …",
      "inline_links": {
        "versions": {
          "total": "All 2 versions",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=4824526839918705809&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33",
          "cluster_id": "4824526839918705809"
        },
        "cited_by": {
          "total": "Cited by 447",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=4824526839918705809&as_sdt=5,33&sciodt=0,33&hl=en",
          "cites_id": "4824526839918705809"
        },
        "related_pages_link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:kTyxdpkp9EIJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=physics&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33"
      }
    },
    {
      "title": "Introduction to mesoscopic physics",
      "title_link": "https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZyjW37iGhaQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=physics&ots=WzbKIthYbH&sig=v0kI8h86vX_XmWdi9ZjM9S9trVE",
      "id": "fcMdaKxCoDQJ",
      "type": "[BOOK]",
      "displayed_link": "Y Imry - 2002 - books.google.com",
      "snippet": "… physics and engineering, since engineering such tiny electronic components requires a firm grasp of quantum physics… text in a course on mesoscopic physics or as a supplementary text …",
      "inline_links": {
        "versions": {
          "total": "All 2 versions",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=3792104194494546813&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33",
          "cluster_id": "3792104194494546813"
        },
        "cited_by": {
          "total": "Cited by 2297",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=3792104194494546813&as_sdt=5,33&sciodt=0,33&hl=en",
          "cites_id": "3792104194494546813"
        },
        "related_pages_link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:fcMdaKxCoDQJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=physics&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33"
      }
    },
    {
      "title": "Physics of chemoreception",
      "title_link": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006349577855446",
      "id": "tZ8Lc5aycNsJ",
      "displayed_link": "HC Berg, EM Purcell - Biophysical journal, 1977 - Elsevier",
      "snippet": "Statistical fluctuations limit the precision with which a microorganism can, in a given time T, determine the concentration of a chemoattractant in the surrounding medium. The best a cell …",
      "inline_links": {
        "versions": {
          "total": "All 15 versions",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=15812334650942791605&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33",
          "cluster_id": "15812334650942791605"
        },
        "cited_by": {
          "total": "Cited by 2195",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=15812334650942791605&as_sdt=5,33&sciodt=0,33&hl=en",
          "cites_id": "15812334650942791605"
        },
        "related_pages_link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:tZ8Lc5aycNsJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=physics&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33"
      },
      "resources": [
        {
          "title": "sciencedirect.com",
          "type": "PDF",
          "link": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006349577855446/pdf?md5=32f156baf68e53de7bb27533d6dc057b&pid=1-s2.0-S0006349577855446-main.pdf"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Physics of nonhermitian degeneracies",
      "title_link": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:CJOP.0000044002.05657.04",
      "id": "LE2gQOMngdsJ",
      "displayed_link": "MV Berry - Czechoslovak journal of physics, 2004 - Springer",
      "snippet": "… Nonhermitian hamiltonians usually enter physics as a … as a perturbation, with the physics essentially unchanged from the … nonhermitian physics differs radically from hermitian physics …",
      "inline_links": {
        "versions": {
          "total": "All 10 versions",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=15816967223297199404&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33",
          "cluster_id": "15816967223297199404"
        },
        "cited_by": {
          "total": "Cited by 708",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=15816967223297199404&as_sdt=5,33&sciodt=0,33&hl=en",
          "cites_id": "15816967223297199404"
        },
        "related_pages_link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:LE2gQOMngdsJ:scholar.google.com/&scioq=physics&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33"
      },
      "resources": [
        {
          "title": "psu.edu",
          "type": "PDF",
          "link": "https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=14e795731aa62819e72b3b1ea76ccbe7f90c0921"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Physics and beyond",
      "title_link": "https://search.proquest.com/openview/04884c843db26542e296a112b677e675/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1819449",
      "id": "dsIu-e56lX4J",
      "type": "[BOOK]",
      "displayed_link": "W Heisenberg - 1971 - search.proquest.com",
      "snippet": "What was it like to be an atomic scientist in the years from 1920 to 1965? In this fascinating intellectual autobiography, Werner Heisenberg recalls the development of atomic physics, as …",
      "inline_links": {
        "versions": {
          "total": "All 7 versions",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=9121331787110204022&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33",
          "cluster_id": "9121331787110204022"
        },
        "cited_by": {
          "total": "Cited by 1683",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=9121331787110204022&as_sdt=5,33&sciodt=0,33&hl=en",
          "cites_id": "9121331787110204022"
        },
        "related_pages_link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:dsIu-e56lX4J:scholar.google.com/&scioq=physics&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33"
      }
    },
    {
      "title": "Physics at BES-III",
      "title_link": "https://arxiv.org/abs/0809.1869",
      "id": "VmuDxig7br8J",
      "displayed_link": "DM Asner, T Barnes, JM Bian, II Bigi… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2008 - arxiv.org",
      "snippet": "… Studies of τ-charm physics could reveal or indicate the possible presence of new physics in the low energy region. This physics book provides detailed discussions on important topics …",
      "inline_links": {
        "versions": {
          "total": "All 10 versions",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=13794027754997640022&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33",
          "cluster_id": "13794027754997640022"
        },
        "cited_by": {
          "total": "Cited by 439",
          "link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=13794027754997640022&as_sdt=5,33&sciodt=0,33&hl=en",
          "cites_id": "13794027754997640022"
        },
        "related_pages_link": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:VmuDxig7br8J:scholar.google.com/&scioq=physics&hl=en&as_sdt=0,33"
      },
      "resources": [
        {
          "title": "arxiv.org",
          "type": "PDF",
          "link": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/0809.1869"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Electrophotography and development physics",
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